What are the three approaches to sociological research?

• A. Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods
• B. Industrial, Agricultural, Technological
• C. Theoretical, Descriptive, and Applied
• D. Case Study, Action Research, Ethnography

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is recognizing the three broad ways sociological research is typically conducted: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Quantitative research uses numeric data, measurement, and statistical analysis to identify patterns and test theories across larger populations. Qualitative research, in contrast, seeks to understand social life from the inside—exploring meanings, experiences, and contexts through interviews, observations, and analysis of texts. Mixed methods combine both approaches, integrating numerical data with in-depth qualitative insights to provide a more complete understanding.

The other options describe ideas that aren’t the broad three approaches. One set lists different sectors or domains rather than methods. Another groups types or purposes of research rather than the distinct ways researchers collect and analyze data. The last option mentions specific techniques instead of the overarching ways researchers approach studying social life.